fedorqui's questions

Sometimes it happens to me that I am working on a branch of my repository and I have made significant changes to a file. I'm not ready to commit yet, but I want to switch branches to see something else.

What I do many times is git stash -uto "stash" all the uncommitted files. However, there are times when I just want to "stash" a specific file, but I don't know how.

I have tried with:

git stash <fichero>
git stash -u <fichero>

But none of the options worked for me, in both it gives me the following error that lists all the options of the command:

usage: git stash list [<options>]
   or: git stash show [<options>] [<stash>]
   or: git stash drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
   or: git stash ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
   or: git stash branch <branchname> [<stash>]
   or: git stash clear
   or: git stash [push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
          [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-m|--message <message>]
          [--] [<pathspec>...]]
   or: git stash save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
          [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]

Is there any way to do it?

In the thread of How do I define the font that is seen on the entire page with Bootstrap? I learned that there are fonts that come as standard and others that don't, but that this depends on the operating system, etc.

If one is working with CSS then one should add a line like:

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400');

Where the font is pulled from Google Fonts .

One comment said :

the "serial sources" (I don't know if it is the correct name), are the ones that are initially installed with the OS that comes with the computer where you are viewing the project. For example, if you use the Segoe UI font on your website, and you visit it from a Windows PC, you do not need to import it, but when you view it, for example, on an iPad, it will not load that font. The same goes for Apple-exclusive fonts like Lucida Grande. Another case is Google's own Roboto font, you would not need to import it if you are only going to use it on Android devices. – Jheyman Mejia

So how do I know which fonts I can assume will be on all systems? If I know that it is in an environment, is it correct to put @importit anyway? Is it a waste of resources or does the system already recognize it and not load it?

I am working on the styles of a series of pages with Bootstrap.

It turns out that recursively I have to use a series of properties. For example:

class="col-md-5 text-center border border-rounded"

This combination works well for me and I want to use it in different files. Under normal conditions, if it were a simple background color adjustment, for example, what I would do is name it the type class="miGenerica"and then in my file I estilos.csswould add a line defining the style:

miGenerica {
    // ... propiedades...
}

However, since it is a Bootstrap system, I do not see it possible to add the data with:

miGenerica {
    col-md-5
    border
}

So how can I generalize Bootstrap values ​​to an external file so I don't have to copy them from file to file?

It turns out that:

>>> round(3.5)
4

While:

>>> round(2.5)
2

That is, when a number ends in .5 it sometimes rounds up (as it should) and sometimes rounds down.

Why is this happening? How can I force Python to round in a certain way?

_{This is a fork of the question How to round "correctly" in python? , because a topic arises that I consider relevant but that is not essential for the author. In order not to spoil his question, I create a new one} .

Suppose I have a Google Spreadsheet with this data:

 A
----
foo
bar
bar
pim
pam
foo
foo

I am interested in knowing which is the value that appears more times. In this case, I would like to get fooas it appears three times.

Searching, I found that in How to output the most common value and the number of occurrences of that value in spreadsheet? they supposedly solve this case, but even the initial step doesn't work for me. Indeed, if I do:

=COUNTIF(A1:A7;A1:A7)

It returns 0 when I put it on the right margin (B8, one row below the last item in column A).

More generally, my interest is to obtain a parallel table with a summary of the type:

valor     ocurrencias
---------------------
foo       3
bar       2
pam       1
pim       1

Lately I'm developing some frontend product and, coming from the backend world, I come across elements that are widely used but that are new to me.

Lately I'm being surprised by the way to define the columns when defining the horizontal space that an element should occupy. One can use a 100% space, but also indicate how many columns it occupies. And there the maximum value to use is 12.

I understand that 12 is a good number because it has a multitude of divisors (2, 3, 4, 6 in addition to itself and 1, of course), so it allows for easy block making: three elements that occupy the same space, six elements occupy the same, etc.

Reading about it I find references precisely to this, to the number of divisors, but I don't know if I'm missing something.

Is there any more underlying or historical reason that justifies this fact? Why is 12 used and not 15, 16 or 20, which also have many divisors?

Suppose I have a class like this:

class Hola(object):
    NOMBRE = 'hola'

    def muestro_cosas(self):
        print('Mi nombre es {}'.format(Hola.NOMBRE))


class HolaPequenito(Hola):
    NOMBRE = 'hola_pequenito'

    ...

As you can see, it HolaPequenitois a subclass of Hola.

Now, I do an implementation of things where I need to use the class variable NOMBRE.

• If I have an instance of Hola, I will do print (Hola.NOMBRE).
• If I have an instance of HolaPequenito, I will do print (HolaPequenito.NOMBRE).

However, there are times when I don't know if I will be instantiating Holaor HolaPequenito, because I instantiate them dynamically within a large process, in which I need to know the value of NOMBREthe class that has been instantiated and do something like:

class Hola(object):
    NOMBRE = 'hola'

    def comprueba_cosas(self):
        if NOMBRE == 'hola':  # aquí debo usar la variable de clase
           ...
        elif NOMBRE == 'hola_pequenito':
           ...

That is to say: if I instantiate Holaor HolaPequenitowithout knowing which of the two I am instantiating, how can I access the NOMBRErespective class variable to do some heuristics?

The best I got was to define a class method that returns it to me :

class Hola(object):
    NOMBRE = 'hola'

    @classmethod 
    def bah(cls):     
        return cls.NOMBRE

But I don't know how to combine it to interact with the class variable NOMBREinside a method.

Replacing strings in files based on certain search criteria is a common task. How I can...

1. replace the string foowith barin all files in the current directory?
2. do the same thing recursively on subdirectories?
3. replace only if filename matches some other string?
4. replace only if the string is found in a given context?
5. replace if string is on a given line number?
6. replace multiple strings with the same replacement?
7. replace multiple strings with different replacements?

_{This is an adaptation of the Unix & Linux question How can I replace a string in a file(s)? intended to serve as canon.}

Suppose I have the following string:

s = 'Pingüino: Málaga es una ciudad fantástica y en Logroño me pica el... moño'

For what it was, I want to remove all the tildes and umlauts so that it looks like:

s = 'Pinguino: Malaga es una ciudad fantastica y en Logroño me pica el... moño'
#        ^      ^                       ^

I have discovered the library unidecodethat does exactly this:

>>> unidecode.unidecode(s)
'Pinguino: Malaga es una ciudad fantastica y en Logrono me pica el... mono'

But unfortunately it also replaces the ñ with n ( Logroño → Logrono , moño → mono ).

Is there any other library that allows this substitution, changing only the accents and umlauts? Otherwise, I understand that what I have to do is a regular expression that does this modification.

I have a file with this content:

Hola qué tal
Yo \t muy bien
    Un placer.

I want to read it line by line, saving the value of each line in a variable to process it.

That is, I want:

• Read the first line.
• Carry out the assignment of the value "Hello how are you" to the variable $linea.
• Do things with $linea.
• Read the second line.
• Assign the value "I \t very well" to $linea.

And so on.

Yesterday I translated the RegEx answer match open tags except XHTML self-contained tags with its famous code snippet:

You can't parse [X]HTML with regular expressions because HTML can't be parsed with regex. Regex is not a tool that can be used to properly parse HTML. Since I have already answered many HTML and regex questions, using regex will not allow you to render HTML. Regular expressions are a tool that is not sophisticated enough to understand the constructs used by HTML. HTML is not a regular language and therefore cannot be parsed using regular expressions. Regular expressions are not equipped to dissect HTML into its representative parts.

which ends with a final demo of broken HTML:

appears , the stinking regex infection will devour your HT ​ML parser, your application and your existence forever as mere Visual Basic or worse he comes don't fight he comes v̡im̡ie̶ne, ̕h̵u radiation destroying all brightness, tags of HTML filtering from your eyes, like a fragrant liquid, the song of parsing regular expressions is going to extinguish the voices of mortal man from the sphere I can see it you can see it 's beautiful or the ending extinguishing Men's lies EVERYTHING IS LOST EVERYTHING IS LOSTDO e l pon̷and he comes he comes he comes the íco r permeates everything M I FACE M I FACE ᵒh dos n o o NO NOO̼ O​ON Θ para los an​*̶͑̾̾ ​̅ͫ͏̙̤g͇̫͛͆̾ͫ̑͆ul͖͉̗̩̳̟o ̍ͫͥͨ ͨ Or they are rè̑ͧ̌aͨl̘̝̙̃ͤ͂̾̆es za̡͊͠͝lg red e sͮ̂҉̯͈͕̹̘̱ alȳ̳ ë͖̉l ͠p̯͍̭o̚ n̐y̡ ȩ̬̩̾͛ͪ̈̀͘l ̶̧̨̱̹̭̯ͧ̾ͬvien ȇ̴̟̟͙̞ͩ͌͝ "

I agree with your assertions:

• HTML cannot be parsed with regex
• regex are not sophisticated enough for this task
• HTML is not a regular language and therefore cannot be parsed with regular expressions.

But then I received a comment from Mariano :

I know this is a joke that became famous. However, "HTML cannot be parsed with regex" is false. "not sophisticated enough" is false. "they are not equipped to dissect HTML" is false. "is not a regular language and therefore cannot be parsed using regular expressions" is flat out false. What is true is that it will give you headaches, because it is not a tool that fits the job... I hate this post.

And I was left wondering. Further searching brought me to a blog post by Jeff Atwood Parsing Html The Cthulhu Way , from 2009, where he starts off by talking about the response I just quoted, showing the sentiment that generated it. However, he parses the state of the matter and shows that it is not so clear that it cannot be done. He mentions a discussion in which experienced programmers defend its use in certain cases.

Therefore, the question is:

• Can you parse HTML with regular expressions?
• In which cases is it recommended to do it?
• In which cases is it inadvisable?

_{You may have noticed that I use parse and parse interchangeably. I do it because one seems to be the translation of the other, but it is no less true that in Spanish-speaking environments the use of parsing is very widespread.}

I've read the documentation for calc()and understand the syntax, but being in CSS, where no code is executed, I can't figure out when it should be used.

The paradigmatic example sounds quite simple to me and I don't know if it is very useful:

/* property: calc(expression) */
width: calc(100% - 80px);

Are there canonical cases for the use of calc()? Could you name an example in which its use is practical for a solution of a real case?

I see that its use is quite widespread across browsers (93% according to Can I use... ). How recommended is it to use it, and what would be its equivalent for browsers that don't support it (IE 8 and earlier, with some issues with IE 9)?

I work with Git and frequently need to incorporate changes from other people in the branches I work on. When this happens there are those who recommend me to use git rebaseand others git merge.

Therefore, I would like to know: what is the difference between git rebaseand git merge?

I'm stuck in Vim and can't get out. I get the following message:

type :quit<Enter> to quit VIM

But when I write it, it appears in the text block. How do you get out of Vim then?

Question and answer based on my own question and answer in How to select lines between two patterns?

I have a file like the following and I would like to print the lines that appear between the patterns PAT1and PAT2.

1
2
PAT1
3    - primer bloque
4
PAT2
5
6
PAT1
7    - segundo bloque
PAT2
8
9
PAT1
10    - tercer bloque

I've read How to select lines between two marker patterns which may occur multiple times with awk/sed but I'm curious to see all the possible combinations, both printing the patterns and not.

How can I select the lines between two patterns?

I'm looking for a certain string in a fairly large file:

$ ls -lh archivo.csv
-rw-rw-rw- 1 yo yo 723M Dec 10 10:46 archivo.csv

If I use grepI find that the result does not appear, but only the indication that there is some in the file:

$ grep "12345" archivo.csv
Binary file archivo.csv matches

So looking at the type of file in question, I see that it is...

$ file archivo.csv
archivo.csv: ISO-8859 text, with very long lines, with CRLF line terminators

I have converted it to UNIX with the command dos2unix:

$ dos2unix archivo.csv
dos2unix: converting file archivo.csv to Unix format...

But the problem still appears:

$ grep "12345" archivo.csv
Binary file archivo.csv matches

I've noticed later that you grephave an option to search in binaries, the -a:

$ grep -a "12345" archivo.csv
12345  esto es un test

Well man grep, it indicates that:

-a, --text
    Process a binary file as if it were text; 
    this is equivalent to the --binary-files=text option.

But still I'm wondering, how can I convert this binary file to ASCII?

Until recently I used Bash. There, you can delete all the content of the line from where the cursor is to the beginning of the line by pressing Ctrl+ U.

$ hola que tal estas
          ^
$ tal estas            # Ctrl+U
  ^

And so the Bash manual in 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking says :

unix-line-discard (Cu)

Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.

However, now I use zsh( Oh My Zsh specifically) and this functionality is gone. Now when I press Ctrl+ Uthe entire line is deleted. If I do Ctrl+ W, words are eliminated in the following way:

 $ hola que_tal estas
               ^
 $ hola que_ estas        # Ctrl+U
            ^
 $ hola  estas            # Ctrl+U
        ^

Does anyone know what I need to set so that Ctrl+U returns to delete everything from the cursor to the beginning of the line?

I just did a commit:

git commit -m "este es un comentario"

However, I have suddenly realized that this message is not correct. Can I modify it? If yes, how?

If I write again git commit -m "un nuevo comentario"it will make another commit instead of modifying the one I already did.

Let's say I have a file archivowith many lines, but I only want to print one particular line, say number n.

How can I achieve this using tools that are on a standard Linux system? The option head XX archivo | tail -Nseems impractical to me.

Suppose I'm in a directory and I know a file archivoexists:

if [ -f "archivo" ]; then
    echo "archivo existe"
fi

Is there a way to check if the file doesn't exist without using elsethis conditional?