What is a promise in Javascript?

Question

bgarcial

Asked: 2020-12-29 15:09:56 +0800 CST 2020-12-29 15:09:56 +0800 CST 2020-12-29 15:09:56 +0800 CST

如何使用信号（post_save）？

772

我有一个派生自 AbstractUser 类的用户角色模式（医疗、患者、物理治疗师），以便在请求中使用它，如以下模型所示：

#models.py

from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.db.models.signals import post_save

class User(AbstractUser):
    is_medical = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_physiotherapist = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_patient = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=100, blank=True)
    photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars', null = True, blank = True)

    def get_medical_profile(self):
        medical_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'medicalprofile'):
            medical_profile=self.medicalprofile
        return medical_profile

    def get_patient_profile(self):
        patient_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'patientprofile'):
            patient_profile = self.patientprofile
        return patient_profile

    def get_physiotherapist_profile(self):
        physiotherapist_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'physiotherapistprofile'):
            physiotherapist_profile = self.physiotherapistprofile
        return physiotherapist_profile

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'auth_user'

class MedicalProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)

class PatientProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)

class PhysiotherapistProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)

我想要的是，当一个新用户被自动创建时，如果他是医生、病人或物理治疗师，他的个人资料会根据他的领域创建（is_medical, is_patient, is_physiotherapist）

为此，我post_save()在我的模型所在的同一个 models.py 文件中以下列方式使用信号：

在信号中，我发送三个参数加上 **kwargs：

sender，这是我的用户模型
created，一个布尔参数，告诉我我的用户模型的一个实例AUTH_USER_MODEL已经创建
instance，正在创建的用户实例

要知道即将创建一个用户，我必须以某种方式找出在我提出的那个请求（创建用户）中，那个用户或那个即将被创建的实例是否存在，为此我做了user = self.request.user

    @receiver(post_save, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    def create_profile_for_new_user(sender, created, instance, **kwargs):
        # Pregunto si en el request va el user, aqui va mi inquietud
        user = self.request.user
        #user = get_user_model()
        if created:
            if user.is_medical:
                profile=MedicalProfile(user=instance)
                profile.save()

这是一个很好的逻辑，但事实证明我还没有定义 self 并且我（显然）得到了这个错误

在create_profile_for_new_user(...)我应用信号的方法中，post_save()我只有四个属性，所以如果我在开头添加 self 作为属性

@receiver(post_save, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
def create_profile_for_new_user(self,sender, created, instance, **kwargs):

会得到这个错误：

TypeError: create_profile_for_new_user() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'
127.0.0.1 - - [28/Dec/2015 22:57:04] "GET /admin/userprofile/user/add/?__debugger__=yes&cmd=resource&f=style.css HTTP/1.1" 200 -

我正在考虑的另一个选择是获取正在使用该功能创建的用户，get_user_model()就像我在这里所做的那样（当然之前导入了该功能from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model）：

@receiver(post_save, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    def create_profile_for_new_user(sender, created, instance, **kwargs):
        # Pregunto si en el request va el user, aqui va mi inquietud
        #user = self.request.user
        user = get_user_model()
        if created:
            if user.is_medical:
                profile=MedicalProfile(user=instance)
                profile.save()

但是当我这样做时，我收到了这条消息，这是合乎逻辑的，因为在这种情况下，我的 User 对象（我正在获取原始 Django User 模型的一个实例）没有我要求的属性is_medical

根据上述，我不知道如何询问或询问用户以检查他们的布尔属性（is_patient, is_medical, is_physiotherapist）并相应地创建他们各自的配置文件。

顺便说一句，我利用了另一个问题：是否可以将信号post_save用于多个目的？

在这种情况下，我想使用它来创建创建的用户实例的配置文件，并slug根据其属性为命名字段赋予值first_name。也就是说，你能把它应用到你需要的方法上吗？

3 Answers

Voted

César · Answer 1 · 2020-12-30T04:13:50+08:00

请记住，它create_profile_for_new_user是与模型相关的功能，而不是视图，因此您无权访问request. 它也不是一门课程，因此您无法随心所欲地访问它self。

该参数created不会按您的意愿工作，因为您在错误的参数位置使用它，接收信号的函数的第一个参数是发送信号的模型 ( sender)，第二个参数是该模型的实例( instance)。

该参数instance是包含已创建用户的参数，因此以下内容有效：

@receiver(post_save, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
def create_profile_for_new_user(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    user = instance # 
    # ...

甚至没有必要，您可以在不需要分配变量的情况下做到这一点user：

@receiver(post_save, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
def create_profile_for_new_user(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    if instance.is_medical:
        # ...
    elif instance.is_physiotherapist:
        # ...
    elif instance.is_patient
        # ...

如果您需要分配模型的其他字段，您也可以这样做，尽管我认为我们已经解决了这个问题：

@receiver(post_save, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
def create_profile_for_new_user(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    slug = slugify(instance.first_name)
    User.objects.filter(pk=instance.pk).update(slug=slug)
    # ...

笔记：

请注意，在所有示例中，我都没有使用created您最初定义为参数的参数。

虽然可以使用createddel参数post_save，但请注意这是第三个参数，而不是第二个：

@receiver(post_save, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
def create_profile_for_new_user(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created:
        # ...

更新：

您在评论中提到的问题IntegrityError是因为当您登录时，系统正在尝试保存您的上次登录日期，并且在尝试执行此操作时，它会再次调用post_save您的函数create_profile_for_new_user。

解决方案是始终使用参数created：

@receiver(post_save, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
def create_profile_for_new_user(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    if created:
        # ...

如果您不使用它，该函数将尝试再次保存配置文件并生成一个IntegrityError，因为配置文件是在最初创建用户之前创建的。

Kristian Damian · Answer 2 · 2020-12-29T17:40:58+08:00

Kristian Damian

2020-12-29T17:40:58+08:002020-12-29T17:40:58+08:00

在 settings.py 文件中，您必须在AUTH_USER_MODEL属性中指定从 AbstractUser 继承的类。所以它会是

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "app.User"

这将采用您的类的实例，而不是默认的用户类 (auth.User)

2

bgarcial · Answer 3 · 2020-01-03T11:34:51+08:00

最后，我选择通过覆盖save()类方法AbstractUser而不是通过将信号post_save()应用于函数来工作，create_profile_for_new_user所以我的模型看起来像这样：User MedicalProfilePatientProfilePhisiotherapystProfile

from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.db import models
from django.template.defaultfilters import slugify
from django.dispatch import receiver
from django.db.models.signals import post_save

class User(AbstractUser):
    is_medical = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_physiotherapist = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_patient = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=100, blank=True)
    photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars', null = True, blank = True)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        user = super(User, self).save( *args, **kwargs)

        # Creating and user with medical, patient and physiotherapist profiles
        if self.is_medical and not MedicalProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
                and self.is_patient and not PatientProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
                and self.is_physiotherapist and not PhysiotherapistProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():

            medical_profile=MedicalProfile(user=self).save()
            patient_profile=PatientProfile(user=self).save()
            physiotherapist_profile=PhysiotherapistProfile(user=self).save()
            #profile.save()

        # Creating and user with medical and patient profiles
        elif self.is_medical and not MedicalProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
            and self.is_patient and not PatientProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():

            medical_profile=MedicalProfile(user=self).save()
            patient_profile=PatientProfile(user=self).save()

        # Creating and user with medical and physiotherapist profiles
        elif self.is_medical and not MedicalProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
            and self.is_physiotherapist and not PhysiotherapistProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():

            medical_profile=MedicalProfile(user=self).save()
            physiotherapist_profile=PhysiotherapistProfile(user=self).save()

        # Creating and user with physiotherapist and patient profiles
        elif self.is_physiotherapist and not PhysiotherapistProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists()\
            and self.is_patient and not PatientProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():

            physiotherapist_profile = PhysiotherapistProfile(user=self).save()
            patient_profile = PatientProfile(user=self).save()

        # Creating and user with medical profile
        elif self.is_medical and not MedicalProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():
            profile = MedicalProfile(user=self)
            profile.save()

        # Creating and user with patient profile
        elif self.is_patient and not PatientProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():
            profile = PatientProfile(user=self)
            profile.save()

        # Creating and user with physiotherapist profiles
        elif self.is_physiotherapist and not PhysiotherapistProfile.objects.filter(user=self).exists():
            profile = PhysiotherapistProfile(user=self)
            profile.save()



    # We get the profiles user according with their type
    def get_medical_profile(self):
        medical_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'medicalprofile'):
            medical_profile=self.medicalprofile
        return medical_profile

    def get_patient_profile(self):
        patient_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'patientprofile'):
            patient_profile = self.patientprofile
        return patient_profile

    def get_physiotherapist_profile(self):
        physiotherapist_profile = None
        if hasattr(self, 'physiotherapistprofile'):
            physiotherapist_profile = self.physiotherapistprofile
        return physiotherapist_profile

    # We redefine the attributes (create db_table attribute) in class Meta to say to Django
    # that users will save in the same table that the Django default user model
    # https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/django/contrib/auth/models.py#L343
    class Meta:

        db_table = 'auth_user'

class MedicalProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class PatientProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class PhysiotherapistProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    #active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)

# Enter the username as slug field
@receiver(post_save, sender = settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
def post_save_user(sender, instance, **kwargs):
    slug = slugify(instance.username)
    User.objects.filter(pk=instance.pk).update(slug=slug)

通过这种方式，可以创建具有所有可能的角色组合（医生、患者、物理治疗师）的用户。

无论如何，post_save()在函数中应用的信号仍然用于在模型中的post_save_user()我的字段中输入 slug 值。此值基于属性slugUserusername

非常感谢您一直以来的指导。:)

如何使用信号（post_save）？

笔记：

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